Lecture 02: Wavefront OBJ file

Computer graphics in Game development

Ivan Belyavtsev

22.01.2021

Let’s figure out how looks an input

Artists prepare 3D models for rendering using:

  • Autodesk 3ds Max
  • Autodesk Maya
  • Blender

Blender example

From: https://www.3dtoday.ru/blogs/accurate-random/blender-3d-has-some-interesting-bygen-addon-generative-design

Export formats

  • glTF
  • FBX
  • Wavefront OBJ

Where to high quality OBJ files

McGuire Computer Graphics Archive

http://casual-effects.com/data/

Famous references

Stanford bunny

From: https://casual-effects.com/data

[1]

Famous references

Utah teapot

From: https://casual-effects.com/data

[2]

Famous references

Sponza palace

From: https://casual-effects.com/data

[2]

Famous references

Cornel box

From: https://casual-effects.com/data

[3]

Wavefront OBJ format

  • # - comment
  • v - vertex
  • vn - normals
  • vt - texture coordinates
  • f - face (polygon) - list of vertices, normals, and tex coordinates [4]

Cornell box example

## Object floor
v  -1.01  0.00   0.99
v   1.00  0.00   0.99
v   1.00  0.00  -1.04
v  -0.99  0.00  -1.04

g floor
usemtl floor
f -4 -3 -2 -1

Material template library

  • Ka - ambient color
  • Kd - diffuse color
  • Ks - specular color
  • Ns - specular exponent

Cornell box example

newmtl floor
  Ns 10.0000
  Ni 1.0000
  illum 2
  Ka 0.725 0.71 0.68 # White
  Kd 0.725 0.71 0.68
  Ks 0 0 0
  Ke 0 0 0

Obj parsing

Let’s skip reinventing the wheel

There are a lot of libraries to parse OBJ files

We will use tinyobjloader [5]

How to use tinyobjloader

#define TINYOBJLOADER_IMPLEMENTATION // define this in only *one* .cc
#include "tiny_obj_loader.h"

std::string inputfile = "cornell_box.obj";
tinyobj::ObjReaderConfig reader_config;
reader_config.mtl_search_path = "./"; // Path to material files

tinyobj::ObjReader reader;

if (!reader.ParseFromFile(inputfile, reader_config)) {
  if (!reader.Error().empty()) {
      std::cerr << "TinyObjReader: " << reader.Error();
  }
  exit(1);
}

if (!reader.Warning().empty()) {
  std::cout << "TinyObjReader: " << reader.Warning();
}

auto& attrib = reader.GetAttrib();
auto& shapes = reader.GetShapes();
auto& materials = reader.GetMaterials();

// Loop over shapes
for (size_t s = 0; s < shapes.size(); s++) {
  // Loop over faces(polygon)
  size_t index_offset = 0;
  for (size_t f = 0; f < shapes[s].mesh.num_face_vertices.size(); f++) {
    int fv = shapes[s].mesh.num_face_vertices[f];
    // Loop over vertices in the face.
    for (size_t v = 0; v < fv; v++) {
      // access to vertex
      tinyobj::index_t idx = shapes[s].mesh.indices[index_offset + v];
      tinyobj::real_t vx = attrib.vertices[3*idx.vertex_index+0];
      tinyobj::real_t vy = attrib.vertices[3*idx.vertex_index+1];
      tinyobj::real_t vz = attrib.vertices[3*idx.vertex_index+2];
      tinyobj::real_t nx = attrib.normals[3*idx.normal_index+0];
      tinyobj::real_t ny = attrib.normals[3*idx.normal_index+1];
      tinyobj::real_t nz = attrib.normals[3*idx.normal_index+2];
      tinyobj::real_t tx = attrib.texcoords[2*idx.texcoord_index+0];
      tinyobj::real_t ty = attrib.texcoords[2*idx.texcoord_index+1];
      // Optional: vertex colors
      // tinyobj::real_t red = attrib.colors[3*idx.vertex_index+0];
      // tinyobj::real_t green = attrib.colors[3*idx.vertex_index+1];
      // tinyobj::real_t blue = attrib.colors[3*idx.vertex_index+2];
    }
    index_offset += fv;
    // per-face material
    shapes[s].mesh.material_ids[f];
  }
}

[5]

Lab: OBJ parser

References

1.
Turk G. The stanford bunny [Electronic resource]. 2000. URL: https://www.cc.gatech.edu/~turk/bunny/bunny.html.
2.
McGuire M. Computer graphics archive. 2017.
3.
Computer Graphics C.U.P. of. Cornell box data [Electronic resource]. 2005. URL: http://www.graphics.cornell.edu/online/box/data.html.
4.
Wavefront OBJ file format summary // FileFormat.Info.
5.
Fujita S. Tinyobjloader [Electronic resource]. 2020. URL: https://github.com/tinyobjloader/tinyobjloader.
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